The Chinese graphics art has a long history, the origin flows long, enriching constantly through thousands of years, innovation and development, take the Han nationality as the core in, the division of painter and craftsman including ethnic minority, has created and had distinct national style and varied and colorful from tactics, forming has been painting language system which China means alone, have important status and influence in the east even the world art.
History of China’s painting can trace back to the ancient painted pottery line decorations of the Neolithic Age of primitive society and rock painting initially, although primitive painting skill is inmature, have already grasped the preliminary model ability, can also stress the main characteristic of note to sound like shapes such as the animal, plant, etc., it is ornamental in order to express ahead of the faith, hope and beautification of life of the member of a nationality.
The pre-Qin period painting own to have, record if palace, courtyart, temple historical personage, the Warring States lacquer ware, bronze ware line of the shrine adorn Zhou’s dynasty among some ancient book, painting on silk, etc. are excavated in the State of Chu, all reach higher level only.
Set up the centralism big country in China’s early history that Qin Han imperial court is, the territory is a vast, country’s tendency is prosperous and powerful, the Chinese and foreign artistic exchanges that Silk Road is communicating, unprecedented development and prosperity of graphics art. Prevail wind of lavish funeral Han Dynasty, especially, its coffin chamber mural painting and draw a portrait brick draw a portrait stone and bury the painting on silk together, Having moulded the realistic, historical, mythical personage’s image vividly, dynamics, plot has made the great achievement in reflecting actual life. Picture its wind often daring mighty, style of brushwork flow, have rough and bold and unconstrained, have a close and magnificent also, mix abundant in content and richly, the form is colorful.
Wei Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties period war is frequent, the sufferings of people’s livelihood, still obtain greater development in but painting, the suffering has provided the soil spreading for Buddhism, the fine arts of Buddhism rises as a vigorous news force. If one gram of diligent rock caves of Xinjiang, the rock cave of Maiji Mountain of Gansu, has all kept a large number of mural paintings of this period in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the artistic attainments are extremely high. Because the upper class is to painting hobby and participation of the thing, except the craftsman, a group of educated famous painters of high society that brought up emerge, for instance, Gu Kai, it, etc… Metaphysics prevails in this period, the scholar advocates elegantly and unconventionally, draw the history and draw. Works such as the theory, etc. and begin to appear, landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting begins to sprout, the painting of this period pays attention to the portrayal of the state of mind and behavior of makings, the painting taking literature as subject matter is becoming more popular.
The unification of the motherland when Sui and Tang dynasties, the society was relatively stable, economy was more prosperous, it is active to exchange with foreign countries, having injected the new machine luck into graphics art, it is still popular to draw the wind in Buddhism mural painting Chinese and Western land in figure painting, Wu Daozi, wait for someone, have distinct Central Plains work to paint wind have comparative advantage week, national style day by day ripe, exhibition son sincere, Li think train, Wei Wang, piece hem with invisible stitches landscape painting that wait for someone, flower-and-bird painting own and rich carefully and neatly, have made higher achievement.
Five generation in the two Song, Chinese further ripe complete one in graphics art, appear a heyday, the imperial court sets up the studio, expand the mechanism of organizations, attract talents, award with the post and rank, the painting of palace is in fashion for a time, scholars have also regarded painting as the refined thing and put forward the distinct aesthetic standard, so the painter comes forth in large number, the fine piece of writing appears, and with also forming a set of systems alone on the creation in theory, its content, form, skill and technique have all presented the prosperous situation of enriching exciting, multicipital development.
Painting was developed until the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, scholars drew and got outstanding development. In the subject matter, landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting have occupied the absolute position. The scholar draws and puts emphasis on expressing subjective mood, does not ” ask the likeness in form ” , ” have not asked in generation ” ,Ingratiate with masses to be aesthetic to require, borrow painting to be graceful so as to to show, display unoccupied feeling interest, advocate ” teacher’s good fortune ” , ” heart source of the law ” ,Emphasize that draws the unity of the product in moral standing, and pay attention to pen and ink temperament and interest and poem, book, print combining organically together, having formed the unique painting design, numerous remarkable painters, schools of painting have emerged, and the countless works of excellence.
China’s painting is the important component of the Chinese culture, implant it in the national cultural background. It is similar to that it does not adhere rigidly to appearance simply, emphasize even more that alike in spirit. It regards writing brush, water Chinese ink, rice paper as the special material, has built and constructed the unique perspectivity theory, break space-time limit, have high-level generalization strength and imagination bold and free, such outstanding skill and means, not merely make China’s traditional painting have artistic daring and resolution alone, and is drawn lessons from and absorbed by modern art in the world day by day.
